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Migration of ammonium nitrogen in ion-absorbed rare earth soils during and post mining: a column study

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1702-4

摘要：

● Column experiments with an inclined slope were applied to simulate NH4–N transport.

关键词： Ion-absorbed rare earth     Ammonium nitrogen transport     HYDRUS-2D     Numerical simulation    

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Rare-earth separation based on the differences of ionic magnetic moment via quasi-liquid strategy

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1584-1594 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2189-4

摘要： The separation of rare earth elements is particularly difficult due to their similar physicochemical properties. Based on the tiny differences of ionic radius, solvent extraction has been developed as the “mass method” in industry with hundreds of stages, extremely intensive chemical consumption and large capital investments. The differences of the ionic magnetic moment among rare earths are greater than that of ionic radius. Herein, a novel method based on the large ionic magnetic moment differences of rare earth elements was proposed to promote the separation efficiency. Rare earths were firstly dissolved in the ionic liquid, then the ordering degree of them was improved with the Z-bond effect, and finally the magnetic moment differences between paramagnetic and diamagnetic rare earths in quasi-liquid system were enhanced. Taking the separation of Er/Y, Ho/Y and Er/Ho as examples, the results showed that Er(III) and Ho(III) containing ionic liquids had obvious magnetic response, while ionic liquids containing Y(III) had no response. The separation factors of Er/Y and Ho/Y were achieved at 9.0 and 28.82, respectively. Magnetic separation via quasi-liquid system strategy provides a possibility of the novel, green, and efficient method for rare earth separation.

关键词： rare earth element     different magnetic moment     magnetic separation     ionic liquid    

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Preparation of rare-earth metal complex oxide catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation

LI Ning, LI Guangming, YAO Zhenya, ZHAO Jianfu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 190-195 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0033-1

摘要： Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is one of the most promising technologies for pollution abatement. Developing catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial for the application of the CWAO process. The Mn/Ce complex oxide catalysts for CWAO of high concentration phenolcontaining wastewater were prepared by coprecipitation. The catalyst preparation conditions were optimized by using an orthogonal layout method and single-factor experimental analysis. The Mn/Ce serial catalysts were characterized by Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis and the metal cation leaching was measured by inductively coupled plasma torch-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that the catalysts have high catalytic activities even at a low temperature (80?C) and low oxygen partial pressure (0.5 MPa) in a batch reactor. The metallic ion leaching is comparatively low (Mn<6.577 mg/L and Ce<0.6910 mg/L, respectively) in the CWAO process. The phenol, COD, and TOC removal efficiencies in the solution exceed 98.5% using the optimal catalyst (named CSP). The new catalyst would have a promising application in CWAO treatment of high concentration organic wastewater.

关键词： torch-atomic emission     Brunauer     Catalytic     process     stability    

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Assessment of leaching behavior and human bioaccessibility of rare earth elements in typical hospital

Chunfeng Wang, Guanfei Chen, Yanchen Zhu, Dan Yao, Wanfeng Wang, Lianjun Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0946-2

摘要： Leaching behavior and gastrointestinal bioaccessibility of rare earth elements (REEs) from hospital waste incineration (HWI) fly and bottom ash samples collected from Beijing and Nanjing Cities were assessed. In the same ash sample, the leaching concentrations of individual REEs determined by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) were higher than those detected by the European standard protocol (EN-type test), thereby suggesting that the low pH value of leaching solution was an important factor influencing the leachability of REE. The REE bioaccessibility results, which were evaluated using the physiologically based extraction test (PBET), indicated that REEs were highly absorbed during gastric phase by dissolution; and subsequently precipitated and/or re-adsorbed in small intestinal phase. The relative amounts of the total REEs extracted by the TCLP method, EN-type test and PBET test were compared. In addition to the pH value of extraction solutions, the chelating role of REEs with organic ligands used in the PBET method was also an important parameter affecting REE adsorption in human body. Additionally, this study showed that REEs were extracted by these methods as concomitants of heavy metals and anions (NO , F , SO , and Cl ) from HWI ash, which probably caused the remarkably complex toxicity on human body by the exposure pathway.

关键词： Assessment     Rare earth elements     Leaching behavior     Bioaccessibility     Hospital waste    

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我国“三稀矿产”的资源特征及开发利用研究

王登红,孙艳,代鸿章,郭唯明,赵芝,赵汀,李建康,王成辉,黄凡,于扬,李德先

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第1期   页码 119-127 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.01.017

摘要：

我国“三稀矿产”总体上资源丰富，既是资源大国，也是主要生产国和出口国，但往往因为深加工技术落后、环境代价太大、战略意识不强等原因而始终拿不到市场的话语权。中国已经进入科技创新引领社会发展的关键时期，“三稀矿产”恰恰具有无限的创新潜力。本文通过梳理2011年以来全国“三稀矿产”资源调查和找矿过程中积累的资料，概略性地总结了我国稀有、稀土和稀散元素矿产的主要特点，提出了一些开发利用建议，进一步强调“稀土不土，稀有常有，稀散不散”的禀赋特征，提出了开发利用过程中“稀土管得着，稀有找得到，稀散用得好”的基本思路。

关键词： 三稀矿产     资源特征     开发利用    

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稀土永磁体的前景与展望 Review

J.M.D. Coey

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第2期   页码 118-130 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.034

摘要：

稀土永磁是一项成熟的技术，但2011年稀土危机的冲击导致人们重新考量20世纪80年代和90年代的许多关于几乎不含稀土（或重稀土）的新型硬磁材料的想法。Nd-Fe-B永磁通过精心巧妙的优化，适用于需要以合理成本获得高性能的广泛应用领域。当需要高温稳定性时，Sm-Co是首选材料，而某些应用也逐渐开始使用Sm-Fe-N磁体。对这些基本材料的元素替代改进的范围已经进行了相当深入的探讨，同时制备技术对微观结构和磁滞现象的影响也已深入了解。上一代的一个很宏大的想法，即制备交换耦合硬/软纳米复合的各向异性磁体，来显著提高创纪录的磁能积。然而，事实证明这很难实现。尽管如此，该领域已取得发展，而其他领域的创新也在不断蓬勃发展。例如，电动私人交通已经从电动自行车发展到电驱动的汽车和卡车成为主流，并且由此可见，电动运输很有可能结束内燃机的主导地位。随着越来越清晰地了解特定永磁体的局限性，人们开始围绕它进行具有独创性和想象力的设计，并最有效地利用了可用的稀土资源混合物。此外，机器人技术正在吸引着巨大的新市场，而且人们才刚刚开始探索增材制造所提供的机会。提高磁体高温稳定性的新方法也正在开发中，并且具有其他有用特性的硬磁体的集成多功能性也正在设想中。这些研究课题将在本文中通过各种示例进行详细说明。

关键词： 稀土永磁体，磁各向异性，矫顽力，能积，磁性复合材料，增材制造    

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面向21世纪的稀土工业

杨遇春

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第9期   页码 91-100

摘要：

中国拥有世界上最丰富的稀土资源。1998年中国稀土氧化物（REO)的生产能力已达到20000 t,几乎为世界需求的2倍，严重依赖出口，出口童占生产童的2/3。文章论述了稀土在冶金、永磁、储氢合金、催化剂、固体氧化物燃料电池和激光材料等方面的应用进展；指出我国未来稀土工业的方向是开发髙技术含童和高附加值的产品，拓宽国内和国际市场。

关键词： 稀土氧化物     永磁材料     储氢合金     催化剂     燃料电池     激光材料    

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Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate over rare earth oxide supported catalyst

JIANG Qi, CHENG Jiye, GAO Zhiqin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 300-303 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0055-z

摘要： Solid base catalysts for the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from carbon dioxide, methanol, and propylene oxide were prepared by loading KCl and KCO on the surface of LaO, YO, CeO and NdO. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The catalytic activities were efficiently influenced by the preparation conditions. The optimal loading amount of KCO is 17.6% (mass) for KCl-KCO/YO and 22.2% for other catalysts. Supports affected the activity of catalyst. KCl-KCO/NdO exhibited the highest activity. The activity of KCl-KCO/YO increased with the increase of calcination temperature in the range of 800ºC–900ºC. The formation of KYO, YOCl or YO species probably promoted the catalysts.

关键词： thermogravimetric analysis     increase     KCl-KCO/NdO     catalytic     KCl-KCO/YO    

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稀土功能材料2035 发展战略研究

朱明刚,孙旭,刘荣辉,徐会兵

《中国工程科学》 2020年 第22卷 第5期   页码 37-43 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.006

摘要：

稀土功能材料作为我国最具有资源特色的关键战略材料之一，是支撑新一代信息技术、航空航天与现代武器装备、先进轨道交通、节能与新能源汽车、高性能医疗器械等高技术领域的核心材料。本文介绍了稀土功能材料产业的背景和发展现状，分析了我国稀土功能材料产业发展存在的问题，提出了面向新材料强国2035 发展战略的发展思路和重点发展方向，从强化稀土领域的战略预判和政策扶植、加强稀土领域的基础研究和应用基础、加强稀土优势团队和人才建设等方面提出政策建议，为促进稀土功能材料的领域发展，实现我国从稀土大国向稀土强国的战略性转变提供参考。

关键词： 稀土功能材料，关键战略材料，新材料强国2035    

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Utilization of waste vanadium-bearing resources in the preparation of rare-earth vanadate catalysts for

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1793-1806 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2191-x

摘要： Recycling industrial solid waste not only saves resources but also eliminates environmental concerns of toxic threats. Herein, we proposed a new strategy for the utilization of petrochemical-derived carbon black waste, a waste vanadium-bearing resource (V > 30000 ppm (10 −6)). Chemical leaching was employed to extract metallic vanadium from the waste and the leachate containing V was used as an alternative raw material for the fabrication of vanadate nanomaterials. Through the screening of various metal cations, it was found that the contaminated Na+ during the leaching process showed strong competitive coordination with the vanadium ions. However, by adding foreign Ce3+ and Y3+ cations, two rare-earth vanadates, viz., flower-like CeVO4 and spherical YVO4 nanomaterials, were successfully synthesized. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and N2 physisorption were applied to analyze the physicochemical properties of the waste-derived nanomaterials. Importantly, we found that rare-earth vanadate catalysts exhibited good activities toward the semi-hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The conversion of cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic alcohol selectivity were even higher than those of the common CeVO4 prepared using pure chemicals (67.2% vs. 27.7% and 88.4% vs. 53.5%). Our work provides a valuable new reference for preparing vanadate catalysts by the use of abundant vanadium-bearing waste resources.

关键词： petrochemical solid wastes     vanadium recovery     resource utilization     nanomaterials     semi-hydrogenation    

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机械化学法辅助荧光体浸出——稀土回收绿色工程法 Article

Steff Van Loy, Koen Binnemans, Tom Van Gerven

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第3期   页码 398-405 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.05.015

摘要：

稀土元素（REE）是设计和开发可持续能源应用的重要金属。从富含稀土元素的废物流中回收这些元素对实现独立、可持续的未来能源供应至关重要。本研究比较了从绿灯荧光体LaPO4:Ce3+,Tb3+回收稀土元素的两种机制：在湿法冶金酸浸工艺前与溶剂冶金机械化学浸出工艺前的机械活化机制。稀土元素浸出率在机械活化后增加60%，完成机械化学浸出工艺后增加98%。高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HR-TEM）成像揭露了系统元素浸出率增加的原因：浸出与浸出模式的改善可归因于晶体形态从单晶体到多晶体的转变。多晶形材料的雏晶尺寸减小至纳米级，使化学单元出现不规则填充，导致晶体内缺陷颗粒边界的增加，从而增强浸出工艺。发明了一种溶剂冶金法将机械活化与浸出工艺结合成一个步骤，这有利于降低运营成本。其结果是简单、高效的工艺提供了更加绿色的荧光体废物回收替代途经。

关键词： 机械化学     稀土元素     荧光体废物     球磨研磨     溶剂冶金    

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稀土永磁材料专题主编寄语

李卫

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第2期   页码 101-101 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.010

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永磁材料稀土减量化的计算设计 Article

Alexander Kovacs, Johann Fischbacher, Markus Gusenbauer, Harald Oezelt, Heike C. Herper, Olga Yu. Vekilova, Pablo Nieves, Sergiu Arapan, Thomas Schrefl

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第2期   页码 148-153 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.11.006

摘要：

多尺度模拟是研究新型永磁材料的关键工具。从第一性原理出发，我们利用一系列模拟方法计算出由新型磁性材料构成的永磁体的可能的最大矫顽场和最大磁能积。利用自适应遗传算法，我们发现了有利于形成永磁体的多种富铁（Fe）磁性相。我们利用从头计算模拟得到的材料本征特性作为微磁学模拟的输入参数，对具有真实结构的永磁体的磁滞特性进行了微磁模拟。我们利用机器学习技术对永磁体的微结构进行了优化，从而预测出该磁性相的矫顽力和最大磁能积的理论上限。我们计算了由几种候选硬磁相构造的永磁体的结构-性能关系，并用[矫顽力（T），最大磁能积（kJ·m–3） ]表示，具体结果如下：铁-锡-锑（Fe3Sn0.75Sb0.25）永磁体为（0.49, 290）； L10型有序相的铁-镍（L10 FeNi）永磁体为（1, 400）；钴-铁-钽（CoFe6Ta）永磁体为（0.87, 425）；锰-铝（MnAl）永磁体为（0.53, 80）。

关键词： 稀土，永磁体，微磁学    

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稀土永磁体及其在未来经济中的地位

Allan Trench, John P. Sykes

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第2期   页码 115-117 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.007

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Photocatalytic syngas synthesis from CO

Ling Tan, Kipkorir Peter, Jing Ren, Baoyang Du, Xiaojie Hao, Yufei Zhao, Yu-Fei Song

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 99-108 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1947-4

摘要： The rational design of photocatalyst that can effectively reduce CO under visible light ( >400 nm), and simultaneously precise control of the products syngas (CO/H ) ratio is highly desirable for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. In this work, we synthesized a series of CeO -decorated layered double hydroxides (LDHs, Ce- ) samples for photocatalytic CO reduction. It was found that the selectivity and productivity of CO and H from photoreduction of CO in conjunction with Ru-complex as photosensitizer performed an obvious “volcano-like” trend, with the highest point at Ce-0.15 and the CO/H ratio can be widely tunable from 1/7.7 to 1/1.3. Furthermore, compared with LDH, Ce-0.15 also drove photocatalytic CO to syngas under 600 nm irradiation. It implied that an optimum amount of CeO modifying LDH promoted the photoreduction of CO to syngas. This report gives the way to fully utilize the rare earth elements and provides a promising route to enhance the photo-response ability and charge injection efficiency of LDH-based photocatalysts in the synthesis of syngas with a tunable ratio under visible light irradiation.

关键词： visible light catalysis     CO2 conversion     layered double hydroxide     rare earth elements    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Migration of ammonium nitrogen in ion-absorbed rare earth soils during and post mining: a column study

期刊论文

Rare-earth separation based on the differences of ionic magnetic moment via quasi-liquid strategy

期刊论文

Preparation of rare-earth metal complex oxide catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation

LI Ning, LI Guangming, YAO Zhenya, ZHAO Jianfu

期刊论文

Assessment of leaching behavior and human bioaccessibility of rare earth elements in typical hospital

Chunfeng Wang, Guanfei Chen, Yanchen Zhu, Dan Yao, Wanfeng Wang, Lianjun Wang

期刊论文

我国“三稀矿产”的资源特征及开发利用研究

王登红,孙艳,代鸿章,郭唯明,赵芝,赵汀,李建康,王成辉,黄凡,于扬,李德先

期刊论文

稀土永磁体的前景与展望

J.M.D. Coey

期刊论文

面向21世纪的稀土工业

杨遇春

期刊论文

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate over rare earth oxide supported catalyst

JIANG Qi, CHENG Jiye, GAO Zhiqin

期刊论文

稀土功能材料2035 发展战略研究

朱明刚,孙旭,刘荣辉,徐会兵

期刊论文

Utilization of waste vanadium-bearing resources in the preparation of rare-earth vanadate catalysts for

期刊论文

机械化学法辅助荧光体浸出——稀土回收绿色工程法

Steff Van Loy, Koen Binnemans, Tom Van Gerven

期刊论文

稀土永磁材料专题主编寄语

李卫

期刊论文

永磁材料稀土减量化的计算设计

Alexander Kovacs, Johann Fischbacher, Markus Gusenbauer, Harald Oezelt, Heike C. Herper, Olga Yu. Vekilova, Pablo Nieves, Sergiu Arapan, Thomas Schrefl

期刊论文

稀土永磁体及其在未来经济中的地位

Allan Trench, John P. Sykes

期刊论文

Photocatalytic syngas synthesis from CO

Ling Tan, Kipkorir Peter, Jing Ren, Baoyang Du, Xiaojie Hao, Yufei Zhao, Yu-Fei Song

期刊论文